Author: Sean Flynn

South Africa Parliament Moves Up Copyright Hearing to Tuesday, August 18

[Sean Flynn] South Africa’s Portfolio Committee on Trade and Industry, (National Assembly), announced to stakeholders today that it is moving the scheduled briefing on the Copyright and the Performers’ Protection Amendment Bills to Tuesday August 18 at 9:00-12:00, via a virtual meeting platform. The meeting is scheduled to include briefings by the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition and by the Parliamentary Legal Advisor on the remitted Copyright and of the Performers’ Protection Amendment Bills. According to the Portfolio Comittee’s announcement, the presentations will discuss “the constitutionality of specific clauses and procedural deficiencies and on the process forward.”

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South African President’s Reservations to Copyright Bill Not Supported by Law

The President of South Africa recently exercised his power to return the long considered Copyright Amendment Bill back to Parliament because of reservations about its constitutionality. Specifically, the South African President declared unconstitutional the provisions in the bill that would require contracts with creators to include royalty payments, the reversion of ownership rights back to creators, and the introduction into South Africa of a fair use right and other common exceptions to copyright. The move was immediately heralded by representatives of collecting management organizations, multinational publishers and music labels as a win for creators. In fact, the provisions declared unconstitutional by the President serve the interests of individual creators vis a vis these well-heeled intermediaries who lobbied extensively against the bill. This note analyzes the specific constitutional reservations given by the President for his referral and concludes that all of them are acutely unsupported.

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Statement of Sean Flynn, Principal Investigator, Global Expert Network on Copyright User Rights, at the Second Session of the WIPO Conversation on IP and AI

I speak on behalf of a number of copyright academics that recently released a statement on Implementing User Rights for Research in the Field of Artificial Intelligence: A Call for Action at International Level… Many countries have rights to reproduce materials for research purposes that are broad enough to permit text and data mining to train AI and for other purposes. But many laws are inadequate because they are restricted to non-commercial uses, excerpts of works, or do not extend to the communications between researchers necessary to enable collaboration and validation.

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WIPO Responds to Call to Act with New Tools on IP/COVID

The World Intellectual Property Organization has released two new initiatives and a policy statement on intellectual property and responses to the COVID pandemic. The new initiatives and policy statement respond to many of the issues raised in an earlier letter from a broad coalition to WIPO’s Director General asking for a clear stance on intellectual property and the COVID pandemic.

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USTR gives South Africa a Special 301 Pass; GSP Sanction Unlikely

The United States Trade Representative’s Special 301 Report was published last week with one notable omission. Despite a concerted campaign by the International Intellectual Property Alliance, South Africa was not listed on any of the Report’s “Watch Lists” for its consideration of a sweeping copyright reform bill.

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Implementing User Rights for Research in the Field of Artificial Intelligence: A Call for Action at the International Level

[Sean Flynn, Christophe Geiger and João Pedro Quintais] Last year, before the onset of a global pandemic highlighted the critical and urgent need for technology-enabled scientific research, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) launched an inquiry into issues at the intersection of intellectual property (IP) and artificial intelligence (AI). We and other members of the Global Expert Network on Copyright User Rights contributed comments to that inquiry, with a focus on the application of copyright to the use of text and data mining technology. This blog, and the article it is based on, describes some of the most salient points of our submission and concludes by stressing the need for international leadership on this important topic.

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World Intellectual property Organization DG Addresses COVID-19; Statement on Patent Sharing Due this Week

Outgoing Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Francis Gurry, made two public statements this week addressing what he termed the “policy issues” raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. His initial response was that it is “far too early” to address access to medicine and other IP policy issues raised by COVID-19. But in a follow up briefing with the press he revealed that he favors a “special mechanism to share drug patents” and would be releasing a statement or policy on the issue later this week.

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Testimony to Special 301 Committee, Responding to IIPA’s Request to Place South Africa on the Priority Watch List

IIPA has asked you to list South Africa on the second highest designation – on the Priority Watch List… USTR has not listed South Africa, or any Sub-Saharan African country, on any 301 list dating back to 1999. This should raise two key questions for you. What changed after 1999? What has happened since that would justify USTR altering its judgment?

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WIPO and the US Copyright Office Examine Artificial Intelligence and, to Lesser Extent, Intellectual Property

[Andrés Izquierdo and Sean Flynn] On February 5, 2020, the U.S. Copyright Office and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) co-sponsored a well-attended event on Copyright in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The full-day event took an in-depth look at the development and operation of artificial intelligence (“AI”). It paid substantially less attention to the full range of intellectual property issues raised by this new field.

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Post-Hearing Statement to USTR, re: Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Review of South Africa

[Sean Flynn and Peter Jaszi] This statement provides additional information in regard to the complaint by IIPA against South Africa in both the GSP docket… As explained by the many participants in the public hearing, all of the issues complained about in the Copyright Amendments Bill (CAB) have analogues in U.S. law or in the law of other countries that have not been challenged by the U.S. (including in the Special 301 process or in any WTO or other trade forum). Accordingly, sanctioning South Africa for these rules would lack a “general” basis and could also be considered arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedures Act.

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Request to Testify and Public Comment, re: GSP Review of South Africa

…I would like to start with the standard of review in this matter. As noted in the Federal Register Notice, and as included in the relevant statutes, the statutory standard is “adequate and effective intellectual property” … The plain language of the statutes would suggest that this is a minimum standard. South Africa has a full panoply of intellectual property rights statutes that meet the requirements of all relevant international treaties. The inquiry should end there.

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Making Sense of South Africa’s New Copyright Bill and US Trade Threats

The Office of the US Trade Representative has announced a review of South Africa’s eligibility for Generalised System of Preferences benefits. The office took the step after it was petitioned by the International Intellectual Property Alliance, a private sector coalition representing large US entertainment companies. At issue is South Africa’s Copyright Amendment Bill, which has been waiting for the South African president’s signature for eight months. Charl Blignaut asked Professor Sean Flynn and lawyer Jonathan Band to explain the issues.

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Could Sanctioning South Africa for Copyright Reform Violate the World Trade Organization?

This note describes the limitations that the World Trade Organization agreements place on criteria for generalized systems of preference programs, such as those included in AGOA. First, the GSP enabling clause requires that factors be non-reciprocal, general, and oriented toward the recipients’ development. These standards may be violated when criteria are not based on a broad based international norm such as in the agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Second, the dispute settlement understanding prohibits unilateral litigation of TRIPS.

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Five Reasons the U.S. Should Not Review Its Dealings With South Africa

[Sean Flynn and Jonathan Band] On November 13, 2019, BusinessTech published an article listing the International Intellectual Property Alliance’s five primary concerns with the Copyright Amendment Bill awaiting President Ramaphosa’s signature. These concerns have led the U.S. Trade Representative to review the eligibility of South Africa for trade preferences. An examination of these five concerns reveals that they have no merit.

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USTR Launches Review of South African GSP Benefits

The USTR has announced that its next GSP review hearing will include consideration of the complaint by the IIPA alleging that South Africa’s adoption of a US style fair use right would violate the adequate and effective intellectual property requirement for GSP (19 U.S.C. 2462(c)(5)) primarily due to passage (but not yet signed into law) Copyright Amendment Act.

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Harvard Professor Ruth Okediji Calls for New Public Interest Copyright System

Professor Ruth Okediji Delivered the 8th Annual Peter A. Jaszi Distinguished Lecture on Intellectual Property. Her lecture addressed The Unfinished Business of Copyright Limitations and Exceptions. Professor Okediji called for a new paradigm of thinking about the relationship between copyright and the public interest. “The excesses of the copyright system cannot be remedied by limitations and exceptions alone,” she exclaimed.

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International IP Experts Debate Protecting Artificial Intelligence Research

A panel of leading international law experts addressed how international and domestic copyright law can adapt to the needs of researchers, libraries, technology entrepreneurs and their users at the American Branch of the International Law Association at Fordham Law School, New York, on Saturday October 12. The panel addressed International Intellectual Property Law in the Age of Smart Technology and Intelligent Machines. The focus of the discussion was on how the proliferation of new transformative technologies, such as smart devices, Big Data and artificial intelligence, pose new challenges for the effective development of international intellectual property law.

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Book Review -The Code: Silicon Valley and the Remaking of America by Margaret O’Mara

One of the stories in Margaret O’Mara’s excellent history of the technology industry in the United States focuses on the role of women as the first computer programmers in the post-World War II technology boom. Back then, she explains, there were want ads for men and for women. Computer programmers – called coders to reinforce a perceived nature of the job as clerical – was a woman’s job. This was occurring while some of her main characters – like Ann Hardy who went on to work for IBM and later started her own tech firm – were denied admission to the top engineering schools.

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